How Parents Can Help Teens With Panic Disorder

How Parents Can Help Teens With Panic Disorder Panic Disorder Coping Print How Parents Can Help Teens With Panic Disorder By Katharina Star, PhD facebook linkedin Katharina Star, PhD, is an expert on anxiety and panic disorder. Dr. Star is a professional counselor, and she is trained in creative art therapies and mindfulness. Learn about our editorial policy Katharina Star, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on August 18, 2019 Hero Images/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Coping Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Related Conditions In This Article Table of Contents Expand Read up on Their Condition Be Extra Patient Be an Advocate Model Self-Care View All Back To Top At times, parenting a teenager can be both very difficult and very rewarding. As a parent, youre probably well aware of the social pressures, physical and mental changes, and academic issues that your teen facesâ€"and these are just a few of the challenges. Life as a teenager can be made even more complicated if the teen has panic disorder, and as a parent, it can be hard to know how to help your teen deal with this mental health disorder. Following are some tips to help in the parenting of your teen with panic disorder. Read up on Their Condition Its important to know what to expect in terms of symptoms, diagnosis, and course of treatment for your teen with panic disorder. One of the main issues that parents run into is not being informed about their teens condition. The more you know about panic disorder, the more prepared and supportive you can be. The doctor or other mental health specialist treating your teen can provide you with valuable resources and information. Read through any materials you receive and stay up-to-date regarding your teens  treatment plan. Learning about the symptoms, panic attacks, and agoraphobia can help you understand more about panic disorder. Panic Disorder and Anxiety in Teens Be Extra Patient Being patient with a teenager is not always easy. You may find it hard to relate to your teen’s experiences with this condition; for example, you may believe that your teen is just overreacting or being rebellious. Such thoughts are understandable, given how demanding and melodramatic teens can be. When it comes to your teen’s struggle with panic and anxiety, its important to remain patient and supportive. Panic attacks, the main symptom of panic disorder, can be very difficult for a teenager to manage. Your teen may experience a range of physical sensations that can be frightening, such as chest pain, shaking, shortness of breath, heart palpitations, and excessive sweating. A teen with panic disorder may also say that she feels “unreal” or is losing touch with realityâ€"both common symptoms of panic attacks known as depersonalization and derealization. Frightening Thoughts Are Common With Panic Disorder Additionally, your teen may say that shes frightened by her panic attacks, and fears that shes going to die. Panic attacks can become so fear-filled that your teen may even start avoiding places and situations that she attributes to these attacks. Understand that this is all a part of her condition and that she didnt choose to feel this way. Your patience and understanding may help her feel less stress and embarrassment about her condition. Be an Advocate Teenagers typically want to fit into a peer group, and they greatly value their social lives. Having panic disorder can make it hard for your teen to assimilate to social groups, and the symptoms of panic attacks can lead to avoidance behaviors, potentially making them feel lonely and isolated. There are many myths about panic disorder that can make outsidersâ€"including peers, teachers, and other adultsâ€"discredit your teen’s struggle. As the parent, you play a valuable role in your teens support system. Its important to be an advocate for your teen with panic disorder, and to believe in his ability to achieve, and make it to, recovery. Try to remain encouraging and show unconditional support, letting him know that you are there for him should he need to talk to you about his condition. Model Self-Care Supporting your teen with panic disorder can be overwhelming for a parent. Caretaker stress is a typical issue for those caring for a loved one with a mental health condition. Aside from tending to the needs of your teenager, youll also need to designate time to take care of yourself. Self-care involves proactive engagement in activities that enhance your personal health and wellness. These activities may encompass physical, creative, spiritual, social, and emotional aspects of your life. For example, it may be helpful to join a group, such as the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), which offers support groups for families of those with mental health conditions. 15 Self-Care Strategies for Busy Parents And perhaps youll find it relaxing to spend some quiet time alone, taking a long walk, or engaging in a hobby. Regardless of which self-care activities you choose, by putting energy into your own self-care, you are also modeling positive behaviors to your teenager.

The Principles Of Software Engineering - 1269 Words

ITECH3501-6501 – Individual Assignment. Student ID : 30131158 Principles of Software Engineering School of Science, Information Technology and Engineering (SITE) Objective: The purpose of this assignment is to enable students to demonstrate their ability to interpret a set of laws that are part of the principles of software engineering, to evaluate principles of software engineering aspects within an industry in relation to the various elements covered, to apply them to a cases drawn from technical and academic literature and to communicate the key issues through a written academic report. Individual Assignment Weighting and Due Date: Refer to Course Description on Moodle Description of assignment: The Laws of Software Engineering. Consider the following four laws given in the prescribed text: Curtis Good design requires deep application domain knowledge. (L5) Simon Hierarchical structures reduce complexity. (L6) Denert Separation of concerns leads to standard architectures. (L9) DeRemer What applies to small systems does not apply to large ones. (LI6) 1. Describe each law in your own words. Define the terms in each law and explain the law clearly and thoroughly. Illustrate your explanation with practical examples – with at least one example for each law from software engineering. Curtis : For make S For Build Successfully Large and Complex system, The Deep Application specific knowledge is must required,The deep integration of variousShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Software Engineering2346 Words   |  10 Pagesdevelopment of a project. In fact, it is the first step for any project The main problem in a project failure is the lack of requirements. The common requirement error is due to human (i.e lack of Communication between customer and the analyst), software, etc. Example: Denver International Airport Reason: Underestimation of complexity, Complex architecture, Changes in requirements, Underestimation of schedule and budget, Dismissal of advice from experts, Failure to build in backupRead MorePrinciples of Software Engineering Essays1521 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloper does not know the actual domain then the project will fail. The cost of the error depends on when it is removed. The earlier it is removed the lower the cost. He also provided evidences by analysing many case studies; he made research on software errors developed before 1974. Boehm’s paper refers to a study done at TRW in 1974 where 224 errors were analysed. They find 100 KLOC, which consists of errors. The most important conclusion was that the design errors are higher than the code errorRead MoreKey Principles And Problems Of Software Engineering1782 Words   |  8 PagesAcademic Skills CentreUNIVERSITY OF BATH PSG5 PROJECT: Describe the main principles and problems of software engineering. Choose one specific problem and evaluate current solutions to this problem. NAME: Bingjie YU DATE: 03/09/2015 Word Count: 1487 words Declaration This essay/assignment is all my own work, except where acknowledged. Ideas, words or passages taken from other sources are indicated using the appropriate referencing system. The material in this assignment has not been submittedRead MoreQuestions On Technical Design Decisions1010 Words   |  5 Pages1. Which decisions are those taken by the software engineer about the best ways (processes, techniques, and technologies) to achieve the requirements? Answer: Technical design decisions are often made by the software engineers. These decisions incorporate choosing the development process to use in light of the requirements and timeline. If requirements are stable, then traditional life cycle can be used but if the requirements change often then iterative development would be valuable. If the timelineRead MoreAgile vs. Prescriptive Processes758 Words   |  4 Pagesjaideej@hotmail.com Agile Software Development Agile Development is one of the methodologies use in software engineering to help develops software. Today, there are a lot of different approach to Agile method. However, they all share the same value and principals. This method is value interactions over team and customer, workable software, and adaptable to change. Over the processes, documentation, contract, and plan. Agile developer also following 12 principle. 1, Their first priority isRead MoreSoftware Development : The Spiral Model Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pages Software Development Software development is a discipline that all relate directly to the progress, improvements in productivity, and a lot of smart people working hard and generating significant benefits for businesses and society. But at the same time we note that projects often suffer delays and the expected results despite the talent and effort put into action by analysts, programmers and users so that the new system to function properly and on time are obtained. Spiral model In the spiralRead MoreSoftware1632 Words   |  7 PagesPrinciple of Software Engineering Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Boehms First Law 4 Boehms Second law 5 Conways law 5 Parnas Law 6 Corbatà ³ Law 7 Observation 8 Theory 9 Law 9 Question 3 10 Law 11 References 12 Abstract The purpose of the study is to show the capability to understand the set of laws that are the part of principles of the software engineering. In this paper, it is discussed that there are manyRead MoreBest Practices For Software Engineers1241 Words   |  5 PagesBest Practices for Software Engineers: An Analysis and Assessment of the Healthcare.gov and DIA Baggage System Projects (Draft) I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"Software engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to economically obtain software that is reliable and works efficiently on real machines.†[1]It’s an important discipline that came to light back in the 1960s when many projects regarding software systems’ design and implementation turned out to be disastrous due toRead MoreEssay on New Fantasyland in Walt Disney World Florida1290 Words   |  6 Pagesdisciplines of engineering, including mechanical, structural, and software engineering. Mechanical engineering is the discipline of engineering which involves design and building devices and machines using the principles of energy, materials and mechanics. It is one of the largest disciplines, one of the oldest, having been around before it was formally recognised in the 1840s, and one of the broadest. There are many sub-disciplines of mechanical engineering, such as mechatronical engineering (a mix ofRead MoreCode Of Ethics Of Ieee. Computer Society1597 Words   |  7 PagesCode of Ethics of IEEE Computer Society for software engineers, as well as the description of this ethical framework. Additionally, it is collated with those presented by other tutorial group members. 2 Investigated ethical framework The latest version of {The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice} was developed by the {IEEE Computer Society} in 1999. It consist of eight fundamental principles and everyone who works in software development field is obligated to admit them

Antigone Was Right Essay - 1051 Words

The story of Antigone deals with Antigone’s brother who’s body has been left unburied because of crimes against the state. The sight of her brother being unburied drives Antigone to take action against the state and bury her brother regardless of the consequences. The concept of the Greek afterlife was far more important and sacred than living life itself. Everything they did while they were alive was to please the many gods they worshipped. They built temples for their Gods, made statues to symbolize their Gods, and had a different God to explain things that we now say are an act of mother nature. Antigone percieved her actions to be courageous and valid, and Kreone, the King, percieved them as blasphemous. The entire story focuses on†¦show more content†¦This was too much for Haimon to take, and he runs out of the room, yelling, quot;’†¦her death will destroy others’quot; (Sophocles 908). Blinded by his pride and arrogance, Kreon takes that remark as a threat to himself, unknowing that it wasn’t directed to him, but was a suicide threat by his own son. Yet, Kreone may have been viewed as justified in his actions as well. Kreon states that the gods would be unhappy if a traitor to their earth were to be buried. Someone that was a traitor to the Gods land would not be admired. The gods would agree that the person should be punished. Kreon quot;shouldquot; have been taken as correct on this argument because kings were the lawgivers and thought to be god-like. The same type of thing goes on in today’s government with our president. If we don’t like him , which many may not, that does not give us the right to ignore his laws or the laws of this country. The fact is laws are made for a reason, be it good or bad. Even though they may seem a little far-fetched now, they were probably very reasonable then. The law may seem to be unjust to us in today’s society but that does not give anyone the right to create their own laws to live by. Unless, they are rebeling against a absoulutism; and this is precisely what Antigone was doing. In the story, Kreone was refferred to as a tyrant. quot;In the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E. in one city-state after another, anShow MoreRelatedAntigone As A Strong Woman1322 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles presents Antigone as a strong woman who is both dedicated to her family and her community. Much conflict arises between these two dedications. In this paper, I will give examples of Antigone’s different individual responsibilities and her philosophies and explain how they conflict with the commitment that she is to have to her community and indirectly, her king. Ultimately, I will argue that Sophocles demonstrated his ideas as to what values the Greek community should hold at the most profoundRead MoreAnalysis Of Civil Disobedience In Antigone1078 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks are getting in trouble for their acts of civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is refusing to follow certain laws as a form of political protest. In Antigone, written by Sophocles, Ant igone rebels against the laws of Creon and buries her brother, Polynieces, when everyone was ordered not to. Modern day people around the world like Antigone are also defying laws. Women in Saudi Arabia who went driving when laws forbid them to and they got into a lot of trouble with the government, Israelis whoRead MoreAntigone By Sophocles Antigone1478 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Antigone, Antigone is a presented as a strong woman who is both dedicated to her family and her community. That said, there is much conflict between these two dedications. In this paper, I will give examples of Antigone’s different individual responsibilities and her philosophies and explain how those conflict with the commitment that she is to have to her community and indirectly, her king. Ultimately, I will argue that Sophocles demonstrated his values of family, the way of the godsRead MoreAntigone Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesAntigone paper Antigones actions were bold and powerful, but do these actions make her a patriot or a terrorist? A patriot does the right thing for the benefit of the people. A patriot is willing to fight for and defend their people. Did Antigone do these things? I think that in the final days before her death, Antigone proved that we should all remember her as a patriot. She used her good judgement to help the people of Thebes and made sacrifices for what she believed in and the people sheRead MoreAntigone vs Creon827 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Antigone and Creon in Antigone, by Sophocles. Show how each is right in his or her own fundamental belief. Then show how the tragedy was inevitable or show how one side was wrong and should have changed. In Antigone, by Sophocles, there is conflict between the characters Antigone and Creon. Antigone is characterized as a rebellious girl, who turns into a martyr, and just lost both her brothers, Eteocles and Polynices, in a war between the city-states of Thebes and Argos. Eteocles was fightingRead MoreConflict In Sophocless Antigone1507 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever experienced wanting to know who someone was? Well, over the summer, two of my close guy friends were telling me many stories about a teammate and a friend of theirs. After hearing many of their stories I decided I wanted to meet their friend, who is named Mark. My friends, Daniel and Noah, told me that it was a bad idea. They explained to me he was â€Å"special† and slightly â€Å"crazy†. I doubted them and still pushed to meet him. After a while, they finally gave in. Mark and I met over textRead MoreAntigone and Girl Power1064 Words   |  5 Pagesdefined as the advocacy of women’s rights o n the basis of social, political, and economic equality to men. Feminism plays a major role in hundreds of cultures, as it raises consideration to civil freedoms of women across the globe. Feminists generally seek to bring about change by fighting for what they believe in, and are often considered to have personal strength and integrity. In the play Antigone written by the Greek playwright Sophocles, the main character Antigone is a symbol of feminism revoltRead MoreThe Production Of Antigone By Peta Tait Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe production of Antigone by Company B reviewed by Peta Tait is correct in multiple instances even though the production has an incorrect central conflict. Company B’s production is correct when Tait explains how it portrays why Creon did not bury Polyneices’ body and just left it out to the animals instead (71). The production is also correct when implying why Creon treats Antigone and Ismene badly as if they have the dignity of anima ls (73). By looking at Sophocles’ Antigone, it portrays CreonRead MoreCivil Disobedience In Antigone By David Thoreau958 Words   |  4 Pagesdecisions. In the case of Antigone, in Antigone by Sophocles, the reason she does not follow the law is that not only does she view the law as unfair and not just, but the law hurts her more than anyone else. Antigone feels she has a burden to bury her brother Polynices, but he is considered a traitor to Thebes, and to bury him is a violation of the law. Antigone thinks that it is the right of every man to be buried, but the people of Thebes do not view Polynices as a man. Antigone must decide betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of Antigone Actions Were Just 1254 Words   |  6 Pagesposition, Antigones decision to bury her brother was justified because the laws of the gods, as well as respect for the deceased, triumph over the laws of the state. Morals are often independent and separate from human laws, but they should always be followed. Cr eon had no right to give an order for Polynices to go without a proper burial. Antigone’s choice to choose her morals, which were established by the Gods were honorable, and are not deserving of punishment. Antigone’s actions were right, and

Culture in a Global Economy Free Essays

Culture in a global economy is a critical factor in international business. While many business transactions make economic sense, the ability to successfully fulfill profitable relationships often depends on being able to reconcile international differences arising from separate cultures. Understanding cultural differences is an initial step, but managers also need to engage in learning processes to develop international cultural competence. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture in a Global Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cross-cultural training enables managers to acquire both knowledge and skills to fulfill the role of cultural agents. Advancing cultural intelligence and international cultural competence is critical to the future success of managers and leaders working in a global context. Culture, as defined in Kroeber and Kluckhohn’s classic, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, is the â€Å"patterned ways of thinking, feeling, and reacting, acquired and transmitted mainly by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i. e. , historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values† (1952). In international management research, Hofstede defined culture as â€Å"†¦the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from those of another† (1991). Many other definitions of culture are available. Common elements in the definitions are the shared and dynamic nature revolving around norms, values, and beliefs that are expressed in different behaviors, artifacts, and interactions. Within the context of international business, culture involves multiple levels that span from broad to narrow and different dimensions. On a broad level, supranational culture differences span multiple countries and include regional, ethnic, religious, and linguistic dimensions. On a national level, governments create sovereign boundaries to distinguish different nations with political and legal regulatory systems. In the business literature, most research on culture uses the nation-state as a proxy for culture. Other levels of analysis for culture include subcultures, as well as professional and organizational groups. In addition to various levels, culture also involves different dimensions. Four major classifications schemes provide frame-works for identifying international differences in culture. First, anthropologist Edward T. Hall (b. 1914) classified cultural differences along five different dimensions: time, space, things, friendships, and agreements. Second, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck developed a cultural orientations framework that identified six issues, with variations in each one: relation to nature, relationships among people, mode of human activity, belief about basic human nature, orientation to time, and use of space. Third, Hofstede’s framework is one of the most prominent one in international management. He identified four major dimensions of cultural values—individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity-femininity—along with a fifth dimension subsequently identified as Confucian Dynamism, or long-term orientation. Finally, Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner extended Hofstede’s classification with seven dimensions that include universalism versus particularism, collectivism versus individualism, affective versus neutral relationships, specificity versus diffuseness, achievement versus ascription, orientation toward time, and internal versus external control. The four different classifications provide different and overlapping approaches to organize the many complex dimensions that make up culture. A major premise underlying the need for organizing different cultural dimensions is a means to avoid costly mistakes in conducting international business. The different classifications provide a map to make sense of the complex nature of culture. Important caveats to keep in mind are that each classification is not exhaustive and each one originates from a particular cultural perspective. Managers have to engage in learning processes with cross-cultural training to develop both cultural intelligence and international cultural competence. Cross-cultural training for international assignments encompasses a broad range of methods that may include area briefings, readings, lecture/discussions, language lessons, films, self-assessment exercises, role plays, field trips, sensitivity training, and cross-cultural simulations. Cross-cultural training also needs to be coordinated in multiple phases to maximize the learning effectiveness for individual managers and organizational performance. The three phases are predeparture orientation, in-country socialization, and country exit debriefing. The exit debriefing is important for organizational learning, and a knowledge management system can support the capture of the cultural lessons that are learned. Kim and Ofori-Dankwa described four major delivery methods for cross-cultural training: the intellectual model, the area simulation model, the self-awareness model, and the cultural awareness model. The intellectual model involves the traditional classroom approach of general readings and lecture. The area simulation model incorporates culture-specific activities (e. . , working in Japan or Mexico) with games and exercises. The self-awareness training method focuses on having participants identify their strengths and weaknesses in dealing with different cultures, especially taken-for-granted assumptions about intercultural situations. The cultural awareness model focuses on the theoretical foundation for behavioral differenc es across cultures. The key to effective cross-cultural training is the integration of multiple methods that allow a participant to move from simple to complex levels of learning with increasing levels of training rigor. The purpose of using multiple methods in cross-cultural training is to advance the learning process through the learning stages to develop cultural intelligence and international cultural competence. Cultural intelligence integrates the three interrelated elements of knowledge, mindfulness, and behavioral skills. International cultural competence goes a step further with a more complex skill set that integrates cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning to effectively engage in successful cross-cultural relationships. International cultural competence is very similar to intercultural communication competence, which integrates three components: culture-specific understanding of the other, culture-general understanding, and positive regard of the other. Increasing one’s ability to work effectively across cultures also provides positive support to address a range of adjustment issues for expatriates who often face culture shock in the acculturation process. Overall, the most important key of cultural intelligence and intercultural competence is the integration of multiple spheres of cross-cultural learning to effectively engage in international business situations. Effectiveness in reconciling cross-cultural differences often leads to creativity, innovation, and synergy for productive workplace performances. Although cross-cultural training supports global managers’ ability to be effective, the learning process often moves through different stages of development. The different development stages of cultural intelligence are: (1) reactivity to external stimuli, (2) recognition of other cultural norms and motivation to learn more about them, (3) accommodation of other cultural norms and rules, (4) assimilation of diverse cultural norms into alternative behaviors, and (5) proactiveness in cultural behavior based on recognition of change cues that others do not perceive. Global managers with high levels of cultural intelligence and competence play important strategic roles as cultural agents (c-agents), helping their organizations to span international boundaries. C-agents require both the ability to navigate different cultures and the legitimacy from different cultural perspectives, including organizational and within the local community. Organizations have increasing needs for global managers to fill the role of c-agents because demands of globalization increasingly depend on successful relationships with strategic alliance partners, international vendors, and global customers. Within the global arena, national borders often form the defining entity for a culture. However, analysis of cultural differences needs to account for a range of diversity within a national culture. On a continuum of cultural diversity that ranges from homogenous to heterogeneous, Japan, Norway, and Poland are relatively more homogeneous when compared to India, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Britain, and Canada. The more heterogeneous societies encompass more distinctions between subcultures within the national borders. However, it is important to account for the fact that â€Å"almost no country is entirely homogeneous. The world’s nearly 200 countries contain some 5000 ethnic groups. Two-thirds have at least one substantial minority—an ethnic or religious group that makes up at least 10 percent of the population. † In many ways, how a society addresses issues of multiculturalism creates an orientation that enables its citizens to live and work together in a global community. Cultural norms shaped by national government policies will need to avoid and dismantle policies for separation (keeping different cultural identities but not integrated) or assimilation (forced rejection of traditional cultural identity to integrate into dominant identity) in order to adopt new approaches of multiculturalism. Important principles for multicultural policies center on promoting tolerance and cultural understanding to respect diversity, recognize multiple identities, and build common bonds of membership to the local community. In the future globalization will continue to increase the flow and interactions of people across cultures, which surfaces even more international differences. Understanding the different dimensions of culture provides an initial knowledge base to develop cultural intelligence and competence for effective international business relationships. However, global managers require cross-cultural training to advance their learning and growth in cultural intelligence and competence as they take on international assignments. More importantly, organizations will have an increasing need for global managers to become c-agents to develop effective international relationships. In addition, government leaders have opportunities to shape their national culture and support international competitiveness with new multiculturalism policies that promote both the inclusion of multiple cultural identities and the development of local communities in an era of globalization. How to cite Culture in a Global Economy, Papers

Women and their roles in the criminal justice system Essay Example

Women and their roles in the criminal justice system Essay From 2003, criminal justice system in the UK has been under the observation of Fawcett’s commission especially with more emphasis on how it relates to women. The commission paid so much attention on women’s experiences as offenders, victims and workers in the system and a conclusion was made that women continue to suffer under the system which was designed for men and by men. It emerged that women continue to be imprisoned even without committing crimes that are violent. The system has also failed in protecting, supporting and providing women, who are violence victims, with justice. It was also established that women are not given the top jobs in the system especially in the areas of legal profession, prison and judiciary and this makes one wonder what is the place of women in the system in regards to their roles as victims ,offenders and professionals (Fawcett’s Society, 2009). This essay shows that women victims, offenders and professionals are in one way or an other treated very differently from their male counterparts in all areas of the criminal justice system.Women as victims in the systemObservation has been made in Scotland that, the experiences that women go through in the criminal and justice system reflect what is going on in the broader contexts of society and politics. The issue of gender equality has also found its way into these justice systems (Flack, nd). Recently, there have emerged a lot of concerns especially in regards to women as victims in the system. All women victims are usually treated the same when there is need for some cases to be given special attention or treatment. For example those cases related to discrimination against women and the ones that abuse intimacy should be given special treated.   It has been discovered that, so many government officials do not want to be associated with the term ‘feminists’ and thus they run away from the reality that women are usually treated badly in our systems . The laws that are being used are seen to be patterned according to the measures men have put to determine which is an acceptable conduct and which one is not (Kennedy, 2005).The Fawcett’s commission established that, women have problems in reporting their cases especially those ones involved with rape and domestic violence. Since the criminal justice system is male dominated, it is putting off these women who are victims of crime. The latter are said to fear because they do not trust those men of authority and this includes even the police (Baird et al, 2003).Prostitutes and women who have been trafficked to do the same , also fear the authority so much even though they claim that the same authority has a part to play for the kind of life they are living. The women who are victims of this trafficking claim that, they are usually treated as illegal immigrants by the same system. Those who have gone through the experience of domestic violence claim that, they cannot report th eir cases because the system will not be able to protect them in case the violence perpetrators decide to retaliate. Sometimes, the police fail even to investigate these cases and this one makes women to see no point of reporting them (Baird et al, 2003).Rape victims are also afraid of reporting their cases for they fear that the court will blame them for the crimes committed against them because of how they were dressed at the time the crime was being committed. They believe that the courts are usually on the side of men to the extent that they will rule in their favor. With these claims, it emerged that there are some gaps on how the police treat rape cases. It was discovered that, the police usually throw away evidence that would have been very crucial in rape cases. For example, the DNA samples were never sent to national DNA database for analysis and since most of the perpetrators of rape were serial criminals, they ended up being free due to lack of evidence (Baird et a, 2003) .The police are supposed to keep the victims of violence informed about the development of their cases but it was found out that, they actually do not. Sometimes, cases are dropped without the knowledge of the victims. The commission also discovered that, most rape and domestic violence cases do not reach the prosecutors’ desks because most of the time, the police   look for the weaknesses of the cases and associate them with the myths about rapes and such like things. This has been found to undermine how these cases have being handled by the police. Some times in domestic violence cases, there is a communication break down between the police and the state prosecutor and this leads to loss of information about the cases. Some women complained to the commission that some of these domestic violence cases are sometimes dropped or even treated as lesser offences without the complainants’ consenting (Baird et al, 2003).When it comes to the court, the victim of rape someti mes is not informed of how the legal process goes and thus they find themselves unable to tell who the defender is and who the prosecutor is. They also complained that most of the time while in court, they always felt as if they were the ones on trial. Sometimes rape cases are usually fixed to take place at any time and the complainants sometimes are not informed of when their cases will start .and some of them take very long time to get to court (Baird et al, 2003).Women as offenders in the systemThe question has always been asked; should women offenders be treated differently from male offenders? Will treating them that way be effective in reforming them? (Chesney, nd). Crimes committed by females are usually considered to be offences which do not pose major problems compared to the ones committed by men. From long time ago, the former have been identified with minor offences and that is why they are very few in the population of offenders in the system. Today, things seem to chan ge in that, there has been a rise in violent crimes committed by women (US Department of Justice, 2010).So many things emerge in regards to women as offenders, right from their sanitary needs to their children’s care. Most of these women have dependants and thus the Fawcett’s commission recommended that, before an offender is incarcerated, he or she should be asked whether they have dependants at home or not (Baird et al, 2003).The commission established that prostitutes have to put up with some explicit comments from the police. Some women who may not speak English were seen to be handled aggressively and they had problems claiming their rights. Sometimes cases involving black women from the Caribbean countries were not allowed to continue because the police may have not collected enough evidence or they did not intend to (Baird et al, 2003). Concerns were also raised regarding women who were accused of killing their abusive partners (husbands or lovers). Sometimes, t hese women failed to give information at the trial on how they were abused by their deceased partners because it might be claimed that, they were trying to gain some sympathy since they had not mentioned it before to the police. Their lawyers, just like the police may also fail to mention them. Many women have also complained about how they do not have close contact with their lawyers especially when they are in remand. Although these lawyers may be well trained, they may not have any experience to deal with such situations (Baird et al, 2003).It also emerged that these criminal justice systems do not have good child care facilities. This has posed so many problems to both women offenders and witnesses who would be required to attend court sessions most of the time. Those who were remanded also had the same problem. Sometimes they will have their children handled by court ushers who will be baby- sitting the children at court’s waiting areas, which are not the best areas for children (Baird et al, 2003).It was also established that when magistrates were sentencing women, they tended to see them as troubled people and not troublesome, and thus they took the approach of trying to help while sentencing them. Sometimes fining women seemed not to be suitable due to their financial conditions. They were thus denied some  Ã‚   sentencing options making them to reach prison easily than their male counterparts. This answers the question of why there are so many women in jails who have never been convicted before. Women who were found guilty of killing their abusive partners, always found themselves convicted of murder charges rather than man slaughter regardless of whether they were defending themselves or not when the crime was being committed (Baird et al, 2003)It also emerged that resources in the probation facilities were directed to high risk offenders, for example those who have been convicted of sexual crimes. This group is mainly made up of male offend ers. Programs for offenders are also designed for males. With these kinds of programs, there is a high probability that some women who are victims of sexual abuse will find themselves in a group dominated by men (Baird et al, 2003).Women as professionals in the systemOver the years, women’s roles have increased in the criminal judicial system. For a long period of time, this system has mostly been dominated by men (Calhoun, 2009).When it comes to the police force, from long time ago, there was division of labor based on gender. Most female police officers have been dealing with cases such as child neglect, female offenders among others touching on family matters. In the UK, only 19% of the police force is made up of women and to worsen the situation, they all occupy the lower ranks. The first appointment of a woman as a chief constable happened in the year 1995 and today, only 5 women are chief constables among the 43 constables in England and Wales (Baird et al, 2004).To mov e up the ladder in the police force, may take a long time and this is quite disadvantageous to women since most of them may take some time out to raise families. It was discovered that when women apply for jobs in the police force, they have to wait until when they feel they are fit and competent for the position but for men is different. They just apply for the jobs with an attitude of giving it a shot. Many women in the police force are lobbying for changes to be done on the recruitment system since the current ones are of disadvantage to them. The recruiting teams usually concentrate on the strength of the upper body, which is a characteristic of men. It was also found out that in areas such as crime detection units, women are very few (Baird et al, 2004).Unlike in the US, England and Wales have a divided legal protection. There are barristers and solicitors. In these two states, they have 40% women solicitors among 90,000. Among 11,000 barristers, they only make 30% of them. It was also found out that women who are employed on contracts by law firms are paid less than men who work in the same places and the payment gap is still widening. It has also been difficult for women lawyers who are experienced to be promoted. It has emerged that when women lawyers clock the age of thirty, they leave the profession just at the time when they are supposed to be partners. This also happens when women want to start a family or when they want to go for maternity leave (Baird et al, 2004).As pertains to the matters of the judiciary, women are also underrepresented especially in senior positions. There has been flaws being noticed when it comes to the recruitment of judges because most of the time women candidates have to declare their marital status. Sometimes, the candidates need to be recommended by senior judges and this has been found to inconvenience most women candidates (Baird et al, 2004).In conclusion, it has emerged that, almost all criminal and justice systems including the one in the US, UK and Scotland have some thing in common. Women victims, offenders and professionals are in one way or another treated very differently from their male counterparts in all areas.

Christmas lights Essays

Christmas lights Essays Christmas lights Paper Christmas lights Paper To start a fire there has to be an ignition source. Possible sources could be faulty wires rubbing together causing friction and getting hot enough to start the fire, overloaded plugs and oil lamps etc. Some other sources could be cigarettes. They may not have been put out properly, matches and gas lighter. Another source could be computer/ other electrical items. If they are left on for a long period, they will become hot and possible trigger a fire. Christmas lights can also play a part in a ignition of a fire because they are also normally on for a long period causing the Christmas tree to become how and burst into flames. Items in the kitchen like ovens, kettles, chip fryers etc also have heat coming from them. If they are not working properly, they will also become a source of ignition. A drink placed near a electrical item can also start a fire. Lastly, arson could be an ignition source. If somebody wanted to have a financial gain, they could start the fire their self. Task 3 (D1) From studying the text I was given the main causes of the fire were people smoking. Because there were rags on the floor, when the fag was dropped/ attempted to be put out, it was not fully out and was the ignition source of the fire. Another cause may have been faulty wires/cables from the sewing machines. They may have been rubbing together causing friction, eventually making it hot enough to ignite and start the fire. Another reason may have been that the faulty cables/wires may have caused sparks which again could of caused the fire to start. Lastly, the only other thing I could find/ think of is, back in those days there may of been candles as lights and if one was to be knocked onto the floor where the rags were this again could have caused the fire to break out. The most likely explanation to the spread of the fire is that the hanging patterns, the rags on the floor and the shirts that were already made would be everywhere around the factory meaning it would spread very quickly. Lastly, in those day the factory may of only been small and if the fire started in a corner it would spread even quicker than it would of done if it was in the middle of the room. There are ways in which the fire could have been prevented. For example if the already make shirts were stored in a separate room, if the rags were pick up and put into a bin every time a bit was dropped or cut etc. Another way it could be prevented if people were not allowed to smoke in the work place and if the sewing machines were to be checked every so often and fixed if there were faults cables/wires.

Why emails here to stay - Emphasis

Why emails here to stay Why emails here to stay People have been ringing the death knell for email on and off for a few years now. But should we be listening? The latest peal came from French IT company Atos, which declared that it would phase out internal emails by 2013. And for reasons well all recognise: too much time spent dealing with too many emails, of which too few are useful and too many are spam. CEO Thierry Breton said his staff would instead use good old face-to-face communication, as well as instant messaging (IM) and social media tools. The shadow of social media Rumours also circulated when Facebook launched its Social Inbox, which brings users emails, chat and texts together in one place. Both co-founder Mark Zuckerberg and chief operating officer Sheryl Sandberg questioned the future of email at least in its current format. Email I cant imagine life without it is probably going away, Sandberg announced at Nielsens Consumer 360 conference. If you want to know what people like us will do tomorrow, you look at what teenagers are doing today. Good to know that in time well not only be swapping email for SMS and social media, but also pledging eternal love to Justin Bieber. Last year did see a drop off in email users, by far the most dramatic of which (59 per cent, according to US internet research firm ComScore) was among 1217 year olds. However, the average 13-year-old has different communication needs to the average office worker. (The fall in use by 2535-year-olds was 18 per cent, and in 3544-year-olds only 8 per cent.) IM steps up The main pretender to emails throne is instant messenger. A quick Twitter poll revealed its appeal its informal, chatty, good for knowing whos at their desk and for getting a quick response. One woman contributed the excellent point that, as she is deaf, it is a handy equivalent to the telephone. However, IM is not without its drawbacks. It is distracting, not so good for detail and sometimes used when an email would be more appropriate. One tweeter summed it up with: Occasionally useful, often annoying. Especially when youre watching someone composing what should have been an email. Many people said they used IM alongside email: evidently it has its place, but its not an email replacement. Five reasons to love email With three billion users, email is clearly doing several things right. Here are five unique benefits: 1. Your account will be compatible with your recipients, no matter what programme you each use. 2. You decide when you reply, so you have more control over your time management a choice you dont get with instant messages and phone calls. 3. It encourages thought-out and structured messages by providing formatting tools and (almost) limitless space. 4. Unlike most instant messaging services (or phone calls), it still works if the recipient isnt there at the moment of sending. 5. It allows you to keep a record or reference by saving and filing useful information to your own system. This isnt to say that email cant yet be improved upon. There are already tools available to help sort through, and even explore and utilise the data within your inbox. Granted, some of these do merge information from social sites, and to an extent the line between the two is blurring. By the time those 1217-year-olds are taking meetings, email may have become a very different animal. But its definitely not dead yet: and its still evolving. And for advice on managing your inbox, check out our Top tips for smart email.