The Principles Of Software Engineering - 1269 Words

ITECH3501-6501 – Individual Assignment. Student ID : 30131158 Principles of Software Engineering School of Science, Information Technology and Engineering (SITE) Objective: The purpose of this assignment is to enable students to demonstrate their ability to interpret a set of laws that are part of the principles of software engineering, to evaluate principles of software engineering aspects within an industry in relation to the various elements covered, to apply them to a cases drawn from technical and academic literature and to communicate the key issues through a written academic report. Individual Assignment Weighting and Due Date: Refer to Course Description on Moodle Description of assignment: The Laws of Software Engineering. Consider the following four laws given in the prescribed text: Curtis Good design requires deep application domain knowledge. (L5) Simon Hierarchical structures reduce complexity. (L6) Denert Separation of concerns leads to standard architectures. (L9) DeRemer What applies to small systems does not apply to large ones. (LI6) 1. Describe each law in your own words. Define the terms in each law and explain the law clearly and thoroughly. Illustrate your explanation with practical examples – with at least one example for each law from software engineering. Curtis : For make S For Build Successfully Large and Complex system, The Deep Application specific knowledge is must required,The deep integration of variousShow MoreRelatedPrinciples of Software Engineering2346 Words   |  10 Pagesdevelopment of a project. In fact, it is the first step for any project The main problem in a project failure is the lack of requirements. The common requirement error is due to human (i.e lack of Communication between customer and the analyst), software, etc. Example: Denver International Airport Reason: Underestimation of complexity, Complex architecture, Changes in requirements, Underestimation of schedule and budget, Dismissal of advice from experts, Failure to build in backupRead MorePrinciples of Software Engineering Essays1521 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloper does not know the actual domain then the project will fail. The cost of the error depends on when it is removed. The earlier it is removed the lower the cost. He also provided evidences by analysing many case studies; he made research on software errors developed before 1974. Boehm’s paper refers to a study done at TRW in 1974 where 224 errors were analysed. They find 100 KLOC, which consists of errors. The most important conclusion was that the design errors are higher than the code errorRead MoreKey Principles And Problems Of Software Engineering1782 Words   |  8 PagesAcademic Skills CentreUNIVERSITY OF BATH PSG5 PROJECT: Describe the main principles and problems of software engineering. Choose one specific problem and evaluate current solutions to this problem. NAME: Bingjie YU DATE: 03/09/2015 Word Count: 1487 words Declaration This essay/assignment is all my own work, except where acknowledged. Ideas, words or passages taken from other sources are indicated using the appropriate referencing system. The material in this assignment has not been submittedRead MoreQuestions On Technical Design Decisions1010 Words   |  5 Pages1. Which decisions are those taken by the software engineer about the best ways (processes, techniques, and technologies) to achieve the requirements? Answer: Technical design decisions are often made by the software engineers. These decisions incorporate choosing the development process to use in light of the requirements and timeline. If requirements are stable, then traditional life cycle can be used but if the requirements change often then iterative development would be valuable. If the timelineRead MoreAgile vs. Prescriptive Processes758 Words   |  4 Pagesjaideej@hotmail.com Agile Software Development Agile Development is one of the methodologies use in software engineering to help develops software. Today, there are a lot of different approach to Agile method. However, they all share the same value and principals. This method is value interactions over team and customer, workable software, and adaptable to change. Over the processes, documentation, contract, and plan. Agile developer also following 12 principle. 1, Their first priority isRead MoreSoftware Development : The Spiral Model Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pages Software Development Software development is a discipline that all relate directly to the progress, improvements in productivity, and a lot of smart people working hard and generating significant benefits for businesses and society. But at the same time we note that projects often suffer delays and the expected results despite the talent and effort put into action by analysts, programmers and users so that the new system to function properly and on time are obtained. Spiral model In the spiralRead MoreSoftware1632 Words   |  7 PagesPrinciple of Software Engineering Table of Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Boehms First Law 4 Boehms Second law 5 Conways law 5 Parnas Law 6 Corbatà ³ Law 7 Observation 8 Theory 9 Law 9 Question 3 10 Law 11 References 12 Abstract The purpose of the study is to show the capability to understand the set of laws that are the part of principles of the software engineering. In this paper, it is discussed that there are manyRead MoreBest Practices For Software Engineers1241 Words   |  5 PagesBest Practices for Software Engineers: An Analysis and Assessment of the Healthcare.gov and DIA Baggage System Projects (Draft) I. INTRODUCTION â€Å"Software engineering is the establishment and use of sound engineering principles in order to economically obtain software that is reliable and works efficiently on real machines.†[1]It’s an important discipline that came to light back in the 1960s when many projects regarding software systems’ design and implementation turned out to be disastrous due toRead MoreEssay on New Fantasyland in Walt Disney World Florida1290 Words   |  6 Pagesdisciplines of engineering, including mechanical, structural, and software engineering. Mechanical engineering is the discipline of engineering which involves design and building devices and machines using the principles of energy, materials and mechanics. It is one of the largest disciplines, one of the oldest, having been around before it was formally recognised in the 1840s, and one of the broadest. There are many sub-disciplines of mechanical engineering, such as mechatronical engineering (a mix ofRead MoreCode Of Ethics Of Ieee. Computer Society1597 Words   |  7 PagesCode of Ethics of IEEE Computer Society for software engineers, as well as the description of this ethical framework. Additionally, it is collated with those presented by other tutorial group members. 2 Investigated ethical framework The latest version of {The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Practice} was developed by the {IEEE Computer Society} in 1999. It consist of eight fundamental principles and everyone who works in software development field is obligated to admit them

Antigone Was Right Essay - 1051 Words

The story of Antigone deals with Antigone’s brother who’s body has been left unburied because of crimes against the state. The sight of her brother being unburied drives Antigone to take action against the state and bury her brother regardless of the consequences. The concept of the Greek afterlife was far more important and sacred than living life itself. Everything they did while they were alive was to please the many gods they worshipped. They built temples for their Gods, made statues to symbolize their Gods, and had a different God to explain things that we now say are an act of mother nature. Antigone percieved her actions to be courageous and valid, and Kreone, the King, percieved them as blasphemous. The entire story focuses on†¦show more content†¦This was too much for Haimon to take, and he runs out of the room, yelling, quot;’†¦her death will destroy others’quot; (Sophocles 908). Blinded by his pride and arrogance, Kreon takes that remark as a threat to himself, unknowing that it wasn’t directed to him, but was a suicide threat by his own son. Yet, Kreone may have been viewed as justified in his actions as well. Kreon states that the gods would be unhappy if a traitor to their earth were to be buried. Someone that was a traitor to the Gods land would not be admired. The gods would agree that the person should be punished. Kreon quot;shouldquot; have been taken as correct on this argument because kings were the lawgivers and thought to be god-like. The same type of thing goes on in today’s government with our president. If we don’t like him , which many may not, that does not give us the right to ignore his laws or the laws of this country. The fact is laws are made for a reason, be it good or bad. Even though they may seem a little far-fetched now, they were probably very reasonable then. The law may seem to be unjust to us in today’s society but that does not give anyone the right to create their own laws to live by. Unless, they are rebeling against a absoulutism; and this is precisely what Antigone was doing. In the story, Kreone was refferred to as a tyrant. quot;In the seventh and sixth centuries B.C.E. in one city-state after another, anShow MoreRelatedAntigone As A Strong Woman1322 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles presents Antigone as a strong woman who is both dedicated to her family and her community. Much conflict arises between these two dedications. In this paper, I will give examples of Antigone’s different individual responsibilities and her philosophies and explain how they conflict with the commitment that she is to have to her community and indirectly, her king. Ultimately, I will argue that Sophocles demonstrated his ideas as to what values the Greek community should hold at the most profoundRead MoreAnalysis Of Civil Disobedience In Antigone1078 Words   |  5 Pagesbooks are getting in trouble for their acts of civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is refusing to follow certain laws as a form of political protest. In Antigone, written by Sophocles, Ant igone rebels against the laws of Creon and buries her brother, Polynieces, when everyone was ordered not to. Modern day people around the world like Antigone are also defying laws. Women in Saudi Arabia who went driving when laws forbid them to and they got into a lot of trouble with the government, Israelis whoRead MoreAntigone By Sophocles Antigone1478 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout Antigone, Antigone is a presented as a strong woman who is both dedicated to her family and her community. That said, there is much conflict between these two dedications. In this paper, I will give examples of Antigone’s different individual responsibilities and her philosophies and explain how those conflict with the commitment that she is to have to her community and indirectly, her king. Ultimately, I will argue that Sophocles demonstrated his values of family, the way of the godsRead MoreAntigone Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesAntigone paper Antigones actions were bold and powerful, but do these actions make her a patriot or a terrorist? A patriot does the right thing for the benefit of the people. A patriot is willing to fight for and defend their people. Did Antigone do these things? I think that in the final days before her death, Antigone proved that we should all remember her as a patriot. She used her good judgement to help the people of Thebes and made sacrifices for what she believed in and the people sheRead MoreAntigone vs Creon827 Words   |  4 Pagesbetween Antigone and Creon in Antigone, by Sophocles. Show how each is right in his or her own fundamental belief. Then show how the tragedy was inevitable or show how one side was wrong and should have changed. In Antigone, by Sophocles, there is conflict between the characters Antigone and Creon. Antigone is characterized as a rebellious girl, who turns into a martyr, and just lost both her brothers, Eteocles and Polynices, in a war between the city-states of Thebes and Argos. Eteocles was fightingRead MoreConflict In Sophocless Antigone1507 Words   |  7 PagesHave you ever experienced wanting to know who someone was? Well, over the summer, two of my close guy friends were telling me many stories about a teammate and a friend of theirs. After hearing many of their stories I decided I wanted to meet their friend, who is named Mark. My friends, Daniel and Noah, told me that it was a bad idea. They explained to me he was â€Å"special† and slightly â€Å"crazy†. I doubted them and still pushed to meet him. After a while, they finally gave in. Mark and I met over textRead MoreAntigone and Girl Power1064 Words   |  5 Pagesdefined as the advocacy of women’s rights o n the basis of social, political, and economic equality to men. Feminism plays a major role in hundreds of cultures, as it raises consideration to civil freedoms of women across the globe. Feminists generally seek to bring about change by fighting for what they believe in, and are often considered to have personal strength and integrity. In the play Antigone written by the Greek playwright Sophocles, the main character Antigone is a symbol of feminism revoltRead MoreThe Production Of Antigone By Peta Tait Essay1708 Words   |  7 PagesThe production of Antigone by Company B reviewed by Peta Tait is correct in multiple instances even though the production has an incorrect central conflict. Company B’s production is correct when Tait explains how it portrays why Creon did not bury Polyneices’ body and just left it out to the animals instead (71). The production is also correct when implying why Creon treats Antigone and Ismene badly as if they have the dignity of anima ls (73). By looking at Sophocles’ Antigone, it portrays CreonRead MoreCivil Disobedience In Antigone By David Thoreau958 Words   |  4 Pagesdecisions. In the case of Antigone, in Antigone by Sophocles, the reason she does not follow the law is that not only does she view the law as unfair and not just, but the law hurts her more than anyone else. Antigone feels she has a burden to bury her brother Polynices, but he is considered a traitor to Thebes, and to bury him is a violation of the law. Antigone thinks that it is the right of every man to be buried, but the people of Thebes do not view Polynices as a man. Antigone must decide betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of Antigone Actions Were Just 1254 Words   |  6 Pagesposition, Antigones decision to bury her brother was justified because the laws of the gods, as well as respect for the deceased, triumph over the laws of the state. Morals are often independent and separate from human laws, but they should always be followed. Cr eon had no right to give an order for Polynices to go without a proper burial. Antigone’s choice to choose her morals, which were established by the Gods were honorable, and are not deserving of punishment. Antigone’s actions were right, and

Culture in a Global Economy Free Essays

Culture in a global economy is a critical factor in international business. While many business transactions make economic sense, the ability to successfully fulfill profitable relationships often depends on being able to reconcile international differences arising from separate cultures. Understanding cultural differences is an initial step, but managers also need to engage in learning processes to develop international cultural competence. We will write a custom essay sample on Culture in a Global Economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now Cross-cultural training enables managers to acquire both knowledge and skills to fulfill the role of cultural agents. Advancing cultural intelligence and international cultural competence is critical to the future success of managers and leaders working in a global context. Culture, as defined in Kroeber and Kluckhohn’s classic, Culture: A Critical Review of Concepts and Definitions, is the â€Å"patterned ways of thinking, feeling, and reacting, acquired and transmitted mainly by symbols, constituting the distinctive achievements of human groups, including their embodiments in artifacts; the essential core of culture consists of traditional (i. e. , historically derived and selected) ideas and especially their attached values† (1952). In international management research, Hofstede defined culture as â€Å"†¦the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from those of another† (1991). Many other definitions of culture are available. Common elements in the definitions are the shared and dynamic nature revolving around norms, values, and beliefs that are expressed in different behaviors, artifacts, and interactions. Within the context of international business, culture involves multiple levels that span from broad to narrow and different dimensions. On a broad level, supranational culture differences span multiple countries and include regional, ethnic, religious, and linguistic dimensions. On a national level, governments create sovereign boundaries to distinguish different nations with political and legal regulatory systems. In the business literature, most research on culture uses the nation-state as a proxy for culture. Other levels of analysis for culture include subcultures, as well as professional and organizational groups. In addition to various levels, culture also involves different dimensions. Four major classifications schemes provide frame-works for identifying international differences in culture. First, anthropologist Edward T. Hall (b. 1914) classified cultural differences along five different dimensions: time, space, things, friendships, and agreements. Second, Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck developed a cultural orientations framework that identified six issues, with variations in each one: relation to nature, relationships among people, mode of human activity, belief about basic human nature, orientation to time, and use of space. Third, Hofstede’s framework is one of the most prominent one in international management. He identified four major dimensions of cultural values—individualism-collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, and masculinity-femininity—along with a fifth dimension subsequently identified as Confucian Dynamism, or long-term orientation. Finally, Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner extended Hofstede’s classification with seven dimensions that include universalism versus particularism, collectivism versus individualism, affective versus neutral relationships, specificity versus diffuseness, achievement versus ascription, orientation toward time, and internal versus external control. The four different classifications provide different and overlapping approaches to organize the many complex dimensions that make up culture. A major premise underlying the need for organizing different cultural dimensions is a means to avoid costly mistakes in conducting international business. The different classifications provide a map to make sense of the complex nature of culture. Important caveats to keep in mind are that each classification is not exhaustive and each one originates from a particular cultural perspective. Managers have to engage in learning processes with cross-cultural training to develop both cultural intelligence and international cultural competence. Cross-cultural training for international assignments encompasses a broad range of methods that may include area briefings, readings, lecture/discussions, language lessons, films, self-assessment exercises, role plays, field trips, sensitivity training, and cross-cultural simulations. Cross-cultural training also needs to be coordinated in multiple phases to maximize the learning effectiveness for individual managers and organizational performance. The three phases are predeparture orientation, in-country socialization, and country exit debriefing. The exit debriefing is important for organizational learning, and a knowledge management system can support the capture of the cultural lessons that are learned. Kim and Ofori-Dankwa described four major delivery methods for cross-cultural training: the intellectual model, the area simulation model, the self-awareness model, and the cultural awareness model. The intellectual model involves the traditional classroom approach of general readings and lecture. The area simulation model incorporates culture-specific activities (e. . , working in Japan or Mexico) with games and exercises. The self-awareness training method focuses on having participants identify their strengths and weaknesses in dealing with different cultures, especially taken-for-granted assumptions about intercultural situations. The cultural awareness model focuses on the theoretical foundation for behavioral differenc es across cultures. The key to effective cross-cultural training is the integration of multiple methods that allow a participant to move from simple to complex levels of learning with increasing levels of training rigor. The purpose of using multiple methods in cross-cultural training is to advance the learning process through the learning stages to develop cultural intelligence and international cultural competence. Cultural intelligence integrates the three interrelated elements of knowledge, mindfulness, and behavioral skills. International cultural competence goes a step further with a more complex skill set that integrates cognitive, affective, and behavioral learning to effectively engage in successful cross-cultural relationships. International cultural competence is very similar to intercultural communication competence, which integrates three components: culture-specific understanding of the other, culture-general understanding, and positive regard of the other. Increasing one’s ability to work effectively across cultures also provides positive support to address a range of adjustment issues for expatriates who often face culture shock in the acculturation process. Overall, the most important key of cultural intelligence and intercultural competence is the integration of multiple spheres of cross-cultural learning to effectively engage in international business situations. Effectiveness in reconciling cross-cultural differences often leads to creativity, innovation, and synergy for productive workplace performances. Although cross-cultural training supports global managers’ ability to be effective, the learning process often moves through different stages of development. The different development stages of cultural intelligence are: (1) reactivity to external stimuli, (2) recognition of other cultural norms and motivation to learn more about them, (3) accommodation of other cultural norms and rules, (4) assimilation of diverse cultural norms into alternative behaviors, and (5) proactiveness in cultural behavior based on recognition of change cues that others do not perceive. Global managers with high levels of cultural intelligence and competence play important strategic roles as cultural agents (c-agents), helping their organizations to span international boundaries. C-agents require both the ability to navigate different cultures and the legitimacy from different cultural perspectives, including organizational and within the local community. Organizations have increasing needs for global managers to fill the role of c-agents because demands of globalization increasingly depend on successful relationships with strategic alliance partners, international vendors, and global customers. Within the global arena, national borders often form the defining entity for a culture. However, analysis of cultural differences needs to account for a range of diversity within a national culture. On a continuum of cultural diversity that ranges from homogenous to heterogeneous, Japan, Norway, and Poland are relatively more homogeneous when compared to India, Papua New Guinea, Australia, Britain, and Canada. The more heterogeneous societies encompass more distinctions between subcultures within the national borders. However, it is important to account for the fact that â€Å"almost no country is entirely homogeneous. The world’s nearly 200 countries contain some 5000 ethnic groups. Two-thirds have at least one substantial minority—an ethnic or religious group that makes up at least 10 percent of the population. † In many ways, how a society addresses issues of multiculturalism creates an orientation that enables its citizens to live and work together in a global community. Cultural norms shaped by national government policies will need to avoid and dismantle policies for separation (keeping different cultural identities but not integrated) or assimilation (forced rejection of traditional cultural identity to integrate into dominant identity) in order to adopt new approaches of multiculturalism. Important principles for multicultural policies center on promoting tolerance and cultural understanding to respect diversity, recognize multiple identities, and build common bonds of membership to the local community. In the future globalization will continue to increase the flow and interactions of people across cultures, which surfaces even more international differences. Understanding the different dimensions of culture provides an initial knowledge base to develop cultural intelligence and competence for effective international business relationships. However, global managers require cross-cultural training to advance their learning and growth in cultural intelligence and competence as they take on international assignments. More importantly, organizations will have an increasing need for global managers to become c-agents to develop effective international relationships. In addition, government leaders have opportunities to shape their national culture and support international competitiveness with new multiculturalism policies that promote both the inclusion of multiple cultural identities and the development of local communities in an era of globalization. How to cite Culture in a Global Economy, Papers